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What is carbon capture and storage?

Executives and public-policy makers should familiarize themselves with the technologies involved in carbon capture and storage (CCS) as they work toward reducing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

Climate change has businesses, governments, and nonprofits examining how to stabilize atmospheric greenhouse gases while still maintaining economic growth. In plotting the course to a low-carbon economy, they will weigh a number of methods for addressing the various risks and opportunities. Carbon capture and storage (CCS)—or more accurately, the sequestration of carbon dioxide—is an important topic in the emerging field of climate change. It represents one possible approach for stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse gases—although there are many economic, technical, and legal barriers to its implementation. As background for informed discussion, we offer this interactive depiction of the technologies involved in CCS.

Recommend (50)
  • 16 JULY 2010
    Dr. Anand Singh
    IARI
    New Delhi India

    The management of this issue relates more to world agriculture and industry than anything else. Threfore to mitigate this problem, one idea could be to capture atmospheric carbon and store it under the roads....

    .
    Dr. Anand Singh
    IARI
    New Delhi India

    The management of this issue relates more to world agriculture and industry than anything else. Threfore to mitigate this problem, one idea could be to capture atmospheric carbon and store it under the roads. Secondly, promote perennial horticulture at policy levels as this not only acts as carbon sink but also provides more employment among small land holders.

    .
  • 14 JANUARY 2009
    Matthew Heim
    President
    NineSigma Inc.
    Ohio, United States

    With new legislation and regulatory constraints just down the road (not to mention the pending threats that climate change pose on society), companies will have to rapidly find new ways to change their materials, products, processes and business activities in...

    .
    Matthew Heim
    President
    NineSigma Inc.
    Ohio, United States

    With new legislation and regulatory constraints just down the road (not to mention the pending threats that climate change pose on society), companies will have to rapidly find new ways to change their materials, products, processes and business activities in order to participate in the rescue of our planet.

    Knowing that most companies do not possess the competencies, tools, and methods necessary to offer immediate solutions, open innovation will have to become a commonplace strategy and practice across all industries. With new, sustainability-focused solution providers emerging every day, corporations will have to engage with the global open innovation community to find solutions if they want to solve their problems more quickly, and bring their new products to market earlier to meet the rising demands of our new, eco-conscious society.

    .
  • 14 JANUARY 2009
    Gary Bull
    University of British Columbia
    Vancouver, Canada

    I think your readers would find it useful to see a marginal cost comparison for a tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent for carbon capture and storage versus other carbon sequestration options. My sources in the oil industry have mentioned costs...

    .
    Gary Bull
    University of British Columbia
    Vancouver, Canada

    I think your readers would find it useful to see a marginal cost comparison for a tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent for carbon capture and storage versus other carbon sequestration options. My sources in the oil industry have mentioned costs anywhere from $70 to $120 per tonne. That does not look attractive given the current prices on the Chicago Climate Exchange or EU Emission Trading Scheme.

    It might be time to find less expensive solutions; they do exist.

    .
  • 13 JANUARY 2009
    Taylor Evans
    Research Associate
    Eaton Vance
    Massachusetts, United States

    I was very excited to read about the opportunities you’ve found from carbon sequestration, but I’m appalled by the result. Storage is not an opportunity. It’s not even a good idea.

    What you’re doing is sweeping the problem under the...

    .
    Taylor Evans
    Research Associate
    Eaton Vance
    Massachusetts, United States

    I was very excited to read about the opportunities you’ve found from carbon sequestration, but I’m appalled by the result. Storage is not an opportunity. It’s not even a good idea.

    What you’re doing is sweeping the problem under the rug for someone else to find. What we need is a process for either using the sequestered CO2 or for breaking it down into usable parts. The most obvious option to me would be some sort of tree farm (or another organic process that consumes CO2 and produces O2) in a contained greenhouse, into which the sequestered CO2 could be fed. Separating the CO2 from the air is only the first step in a more elaborate—but necessary—process.

    .
    OUR REPLY
    MKQ_response

    The author replies:

    Taylor, thank you for your letter. You raise a relevant point, as it is true that geological storage of CO2 does not truly eliminate it. The process does, however, take CO2 out of the atmosphere, which is the objective.

    In some places, such as the Netherlands, small amounts of CO2 are indeed used in greenhouses to accelerate the growth of plants. This “biological sequestration” becomes very complex and potentially very expensive, however, when treating the enormous quantities of CO2 (in the range of 5–6 megatons per year, or 13–16 kilotons per day) generated by a coal power plant. CO2 sequestration on a larger scale is currently being studied, in particular with regard to growing algae. But since the current market for usable CO2 is small, any reuse of it remains difficult. What’s more, CO2 is a very stable molecule, so breaking it up requires a great deal of energy and is therefore expensive.

    Geological storage, on the other hand, allows for quick and reliable—given proper due-diligence on storage sites—disposal of large quantities of CO2 and holds real promise to curb CO2 emissions.

    We can envision favorable contexts in which part of the CO2 coming from a carbon-capture-and-storage (CCS) plant is put to practical use, be it an industrial process or algae growth. Assuming fast and significant progress in the development of CCS, however, most of the CO2 would need to be put in geological storage.

    OUR REPLY
  • 13 JANUARY 2009
    John Van Den Berg
    Managing Director
    Challenger Engineering Sciences
    California, United States

    It seems wasteful to sequester carbon, one of the building blocks of this planet. Why don’t we focus our energies on using carbon dioxide for productive purposes?

    Pure carbon dioxide can be:

    —Used as a core component in the manufacture...

    .
    John Van Den Berg
    Managing Director
    Challenger Engineering Sciences
    California, United States

    It seems wasteful to sequester carbon, one of the building blocks of this planet. Why don’t we focus our energies on using carbon dioxide for productive purposes?

    Pure carbon dioxide can be:

    —Used as a core component in the manufacture of synthetic fuels through hydrogenation, setting up a value-added, regenerative cycle.

    —Mixed with certain geochemical compounds, and used to produce extruded and cast-building components of great utility.

    —Used as a non-polluting replacement for refrigerant gasses in closed compression and decompression systems.

    The list goes on, limited only by our imaginations.

    Surely we can do better than dump such a valuable resource while consuming other valuable resources in the process.

    .
  • 13 JANUARY 2009
    Mike Alder
    Director, Tech Transfer Office
    Brigham Young University
    Utah, United States

    BYU has licensed technology to a start up company located in Provo, Utah that will cleanly separate CO2 from the flue gases and store energy for peak power generation. Coupled with this, we have also licensed them an elegant carbon...

    .
    Mike Alder
    Director, Tech Transfer Office
    Brigham Young University
    Utah, United States

    BYU has licensed technology to a start up company located in Provo, Utah that will cleanly separate CO2 from the flue gases and store energy for peak power generation. Coupled with this, we have also licensed them an elegant carbon storage solution.

    .
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